ASSAM

Widespread suspicion about who is and isn't a citizen, heightened by the exclusion of over 19 lakh people from the National Register of Citizens 2019, is fueling a humanitarian crisis in Assam.

असम: भिखारी और मानसिक तौर पर अपंग को CJP ने भारतीय नागरिक साबित कराया

नागरिकता संकट के बीच सुकूर ने फ़ॉरेनर्स ट्रिब्यूनल (Foreigners’ Tribunal) के सामने अपनी नागरिकता साबित कर ली है. उनकी कहानी  ऐसे लोगों के लिए तसल्लीबख़्श है जो अभी  संदिग्ध विदेशी (Suspected foreigner) या विदेशी का नोटिस मिलने के बाद संघर्षों से दो-चार हो रहे हैं. सुकूर का जन्म और परवरिश हिंदुस्तान में हुई है. वो…Read More

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Even beggars and differently abled are not spared by Assam FTs!

Sukur and his story is the most fitting representation of those Indians who are oppressed by state functionaries. Sukur, born and brought up in India, was the only son of Abdul Jalil @ Abdul Jalil Sheikh and Majiran Nessa @ Majiran Bewa. He was born in the village of Kawadi No. 2 (Sonaikhola) under the…Read More

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Stories from Assam

In Assam, being declared a foreigner or excluded from the list of citizens arbitrarily, has meant a civil death for 2.2 million people, with repercussions often engulfing entire families. Since 2017, CJP’s Assam Team has worked in faraway villages and districts to provide real paralegal and legal aid as well as psychological assistance. To feel the depth of the despair and plight of these millions of fellow Indians, we need to have a face, a name, a sketch that tells each individual's unique story. Travel with us in this journey through the pictorial and textual sketches of these people who live under constant threat and trepidation, clutching their documents even as nature’s floods often sweep them away.

Citizenship in Assam:
A game of chance, of snakes and ladders


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NRC

National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a list containing names of Indian citizens of Assam. The NRC was first prepared in 1951, after the Census of 1951. The NRC update of 2014-2016 across Assam includes the names of those persons (or their descendants) who appear in the NRC 1951, or in any of the Electoral Rolls up to the midnight of 24 March 1971 or in any one of the other admissible documents issued up to the midnight of 24 March 1971, which would prove their presence in Assam on or before 24 March 1971.

The NRC (1951) and the Electoral Rolls up to the midnight of 24 March 1971 together are collectively called Legacy data. It is being done with the compliance with section 3 and 6A of Citizenship Act of 1955; the Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of National Identity Cards) Rules, 2003 (amended in year 2009); Modalities and Standard Operating Procedure and Judgement Order of Supreme Court. Entire process is being monitored by Supreme Court.

Supreme Court in its order dated 25/10/2013 held the presence of D-Voters in the state doubtful and mentioned that these voters could be included only if the NRC is updated or the Foreigner's Tribunal declare them to be Indian Citizens.



Citizenship in Assam

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CJP Reaches Out

CJP reaches out to the people of Assam who are negotiating a labyrinth of citizenship related issues. After the publication of the NRC over 500 CJP volunteers spread over 19 districts are going from village to village conducting workshops to spread awareness about how to go about defending their citizenship in Foreigners' Tribunals. CJP is also training paralegals to help people during these hearings before Foreigners' Tribunals.

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Assam Map

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CJP Impact: Another elderly couple rejoice as their citizenship is restored with CJP’s help

An elderly couple from Assam, Mazam Ali and Saleya Bibi have finally found relief after their citizenship was reinstated with the assistance of Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP). The couple had been subjected to the torment of appearing before a Foreigners Tribunal every month due to mere suspicion of being illegal immigrants who entered…

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Victory! One more Indian gets their citizenship back with the help of CJP!

Declared a suspected foreigner the minute she went to exercise her freedom to vote, Anjuma struggled for years to regain her citizenship. Now finally, after years of struggle, CJP helps Anjuma regain her lost citizenship. “I cried alone,” Anjuma acclaimed, as the CJP Team delivered the judgement which granted her freedom from many ills, marking…

CJP Assam: Standing Strong Amid Citizenship Crisis and Floods

Amid devastating floods and a severe citizenship crisis, CJP Assam is a beacon of hope and justice. See how our dedicated team supports affected communities, fights legal battles, and helps rebuild lives.   Related: CJP Assam: Standing strong come hail, come storm  CJP Victory! After 3 years of a legal battle, freedom fighter’s daughter, Seje…

CJP Assam: Standing strong come hail, come storm

In the past months that saw a shift from a blistering summer to devastation caused by flood after impacts of the Remal cyclone, CJP’s Team Assam continued determinedly in its successful efforts to assist Indians targeted by the debilitating citizenship crisis in Assam. In Barpeta district in March 2024, CJP’s district voluntary motivator Abul Kalam…

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Detention Camps

Detention Camps are places where the Assamese who are Declared Foreigners are kept till they are deported. Currently 951 DFs are lodged in 6 detention centers operating out of makeshift facilities in local jails in Goalpara, Kokrajhar, Dhibrugarh, Tezpur, Silchar and Jorhat. These detainees do not possess the same rights as the convicted/charged inmates and aren’t allowed to parole, family visits, and working for a wage. Meanwhile, the government has sanctioned over Rs 40 crores to set up a Detention Camp at Dhakurbhita in Goalpara.

Assam Detention Camps: SC orders swift reunion of detainees with families

In welcome news for families of 47 inmates of Detention Camps in Assam, the Supreme Court has ordered that they be reunited with their families within 7 days. The court has also ordered that the state government stick to deadlines with respect to the completion of the construction of a stand alone Detention Camp in…Read More

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Supreme Court: “Authorities cannot randomly accuse people of being foreigners, initiate investigation without material basis”

A significant judgment was delivered by the Supreme Court on July 11, wherein the bench of Justices Vikram Nath and Ahsanuddin Amanullah observed that authorities cannot randomly accuse people of being foreigners and initiate investigation into a person’s nationality without there being some material basis or information to sustain the suspicion. Holding the same, the…

CJP Assam: Standing Strong Amid Citizenship Crisis and Floods

Amid devastating floods and a severe citizenship crisis, CJP Assam is a beacon of hope and justice. See how our dedicated team supports affected communities, fights legal battles, and helps rebuild lives.   Related: CJP Assam: Standing strong come hail, come storm  CJP Victory! After 3 years of a legal battle, freedom fighter’s daughter, Seje…

CJP Assam: Standing strong come hail, come storm

In the past months that saw a shift from a blistering summer to devastation caused by flood after impacts of the Remal cyclone, CJP’s Team Assam continued determinedly in its successful efforts to assist Indians targeted by the debilitating citizenship crisis in Assam. In Barpeta district in March 2024, CJP’s district voluntary motivator Abul Kalam…

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NRC

National Register of Citizens (NRC) is a list containing names of Indian citizens of Assam. The NRC was first prepared in 1951, after the Census of 1951 to maintain a record of citizens. The Assam Agitation held between 1979- 1985 demanded the expulsion of 'foreigners' from Assam. This led to the updating of the NRC. 3.2 crore people submitted over 68 lakh documents and just over 19 lakh people were left out of the final NRC published on August 31, 2019.

Keep a track of the NRC numbers

33027661
+ Number of Applicants
31121004
+ In the NRC
1906657
+ Citizenship in question

EXCLUSIVE: India’s former President’s kin left out of NRC in Assam

Members of India’s fifth President FA Ahmed have been left out of the National Register of Citizens (NRC). Now questions are being raised about the insensate practices followed by the NRC authorities during the update process that failed to consider natural calamities like floods that affect Legacy...Read More

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Supreme Court: “Authorities cannot randomly accuse people of being foreigners, initiate investigation without material basis”

A significant judgment was delivered by the Supreme Court on July 11, wherein the bench of Justices Vikram Nath and Ahsanuddin Amanullah observed that authorities cannot randomly accuse people of being foreigners and initiate investigation into a person’s nationality without there being some material basis or information to sustain the suspicion. Holding the same, the…

CJP Impact: Another elderly couple rejoice as their citizenship is restored with CJP’s help

An elderly couple from Assam, Mazam Ali and Saleya Bibi have finally found relief after their citizenship was reinstated with the assistance of Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP). The couple had been subjected to the torment of appearing before a Foreigners Tribunal every month due to mere suspicion of being illegal immigrants who entered…

CJP Assam: Standing Strong Amid Citizenship Crisis and Floods

Amid devastating floods and a severe citizenship crisis, CJP Assam is a beacon of hope and justice. See how our dedicated team supports affected communities, fights legal battles, and helps rebuild lives.   Related: CJP Assam: Standing strong come hail, come storm  CJP Victory! After 3 years of a legal battle, freedom fighter’s daughter, Seje…

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Foreigner Tribunals

Foreigners Tribunals are the quasi- judicial bodies responsible for hearing cases with respect to foreigners/non-citizens/D-voters under the Foreigners Act, 1946. There are three ways in which people end up before a Foreigners' Tribunal; the Election Commission marks them Doubtful Voter (D-Voter), the Border Police designates them Suspected Foreigner and refers them to a Foreigners' Tribunal, and now after being excluded from the NRC people are required to defend their Indian citizenship before a Foreigners' Tribunal.

Assam man forced to prove Indian citizenship four times!

Even as Assam gets ready for a draft of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) that will be released on July 30, 2018, many people, whose cases are still pending before Foreigners’ Tribunals or the Gauhati High Court, will have to wait to have their names cleared before they can be added in the NRC. But as we discovered....Read More

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Supreme Court: “Authorities cannot randomly accuse people of being foreigners, initiate investigation without material basis”

A significant judgment was delivered by the Supreme Court on July 11, wherein the bench of Justices Vikram Nath and Ahsanuddin Amanullah observed that authorities cannot randomly accuse people of being foreigners and initiate investigation into a person’s nationality without there being some material basis or information to sustain the suspicion. Holding the same, the…

CJP Impact: Another elderly couple rejoice as their citizenship is restored with CJP’s help

An elderly couple from Assam, Mazam Ali and Saleya Bibi have finally found relief after their citizenship was reinstated with the assistance of Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP). The couple had been subjected to the torment of appearing before a Foreigners Tribunal every month due to mere suspicion of being illegal immigrants who entered…

Victory! One more Indian gets their citizenship back with the help of CJP!

Declared a suspected foreigner the minute she went to exercise her freedom to vote, Anjuma struggled for years to regain her citizenship. Now finally, after years of struggle, CJP helps Anjuma regain her lost citizenship. “I cried alone,” Anjuma acclaimed, as the CJP Team delivered the judgement which granted her freedom from many ills, marking…

Read On

CJP's Toll Free Number

Until recently, CJP operated a toll free number in four different languages; Assamese, Bengali, English and Hindi, to counsel people across Assam. We received over 12000 calls from distressed people. After publication of the final NRC, the number has been discontinued.

1800 1020 138

Archive: District-wise Exclusion Data

CJP had accessed exclusive district-wise data of people left out of final draft NRC published on July 30, 2018

Declared Foreigner

A Declared Foreigner is a person who has failed to prove his citizenship before a Foreigners’ Tribunal. Names of suspected foreigners and D Voters are referred to FTs who then conduct a trial where the proceedee is required to not only produce documents to prove their citizenship, but also prove the authenticity of the documents. If they fail, the FT designates them Declared Foreigner (DF).

I’m not a smart man, but I know what prison is: Anjaan Musafir

In this edition of our series on how the idea of Indian citizenship is being made and unmade in Assam as the National Register of Citizens is being updated, we bring you the story of Anjaan Musafir*. He is a man who could be India’s answer to DB Cooper, given how he has successfully evaded authorities by...Read More

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Victory! One more Indian gets their citizenship back with the help of CJP!

Declared a suspected foreigner the minute she went to exercise her freedom to vote, Anjuma struggled for years to regain her citizenship. Now finally, after years of struggle, CJP helps Anjuma regain her lost citizenship. “I cried alone,” Anjuma acclaimed, as the CJP Team delivered the judgement which granted her freedom from many ills, marking…

CJP Assam: Standing strong come hail, come storm

In the past months that saw a shift from a blistering summer to devastation caused by flood after impacts of the Remal cyclone, CJP’s Team Assam continued determinedly in its successful efforts to assist Indians targeted by the debilitating citizenship crisis in Assam. In Barpeta district in March 2024, CJP’s district voluntary motivator Abul Kalam…

Supreme Court halts deportation of woman declared foreigner, issues notice to union and NRC coordinator

The Supreme Court sought response from the Union of India over the petition filed by Maya Rani Barman against the decision of the Gauhati High Court affirming the impugned order dated 22.11.2019 of the Foreign Tribunal, declaring the petitioner to be a foreigner who had entered into the territory of India (Assam) illegally from the…

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History

The genesis of the NRC is linked to the movement against ‘illegal immigrants’ , ostensibly from Bangladesh. This movement has in turn sparked off violence against these ‘illegal immigrants’. But what is the history of borders between Assam and Bangladesh ? What is the source of this disconent? Watch our maps to see how ‘Assam’ changed over the years.

Assam in Historical Maps

Assam was ruled by various dynasties during the medieval period - the Pala, Koch, Kachari, and Chutiya. The Ahom kingdom established in the 13th century at the upper Assam plain gradually took control over the entire region. Although there was continuous warfare, the kingdom ruled for over 600 years until the 19th century.

The present day Bangladesh and Assam were part of the British India till 1947. Until the idea of border came in, people have moved across this region freely. The British promoted the migration from the Bengal region to Assam for labour in the tea gardens and later for cultivation in the Brahmaputra valley.

  • Bengal Presidency (1826):Assam was included as a part of the Bengal Presidency

  • Chief Commissioner's Province (1874): Assam was separated from Bengal Presidency to for a new province. The Sylhet region of East Bengal is added to the Assam region.

  • Chief Commissioner's Province (1905): Bengal was partitioned and the East Bengal region was added to the existing Chief Commissioner's Province.

  • Chief Commissioner's Province (1911): Facing the backlash, the British revoke the the Bengal partition. Sylhet remains with Assam

  • Assam (1947): Assam post Independence. Sylhet joins Bangladesh. Present day Arunachal Pradesh is added to Assam in 1937

D Voter

D voters are people whose position as voters is doubtful owing to lack of their ability to produce proper citizenship credentials. The Election Commission started classifying citizens as D voter in 1997. The Border Police would refer suspected foreigners to Foreigners’ Tribunals following which there would be a trial where they would be required to prove that they are genuine citizens. So far 2,44,144 people had been marked as D Voters till December 31, 2017. 1,31,034 cases had been disposed off and 1,13,110 cases were still pending.

ASSAM ARCHIVE ON CITIZENSHIP

भला एक 8 साल का बच्चा ‘संदिग्ध वोटर’ कैसे हो सकता है ?

Tमोनुवर हुसैन, एक 8 साल का मेधावी छात्र है जो अभी दूसरी कक्षा में है और पढ़ना-लिखना, गिनती करना, यहाँ तक की सरल जोड़ना घटाना भी जानता है. मगर ऐसा प्रतीत हो रहा है कि असम का राज्य तंत्र मोनुवर को ‘विभाजन’ सिखाने में तुला हुआ है. जुलाई 2018 में मोनुवर का नाम डी-वोटर यानी ‘संदिग्ध वोटरों’ की सूची में पाया गया! जबकि अगले दस साल तक...Read More

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डर से आज़ादी तक: असम में सदर अली और मोलिना का नागरिकता पाने का सफर

जानिए असम के सुदूर गांव के बुजुर्ग जोड़ी – सदर अली और मोलिना बीबी – की अद्भुत यात्रा के बारे में – जिन्होंने असम में चल रहे नागरिकता संकट के बीच राज्यविहीनता के भयावह खतरे का सामना किया। इस वीडियो में जानिए कि किस तरह से CJP ने उन्हें ‘भारतीय’ घोषित कराने में मदद की।…

From Fear to Freedom: Sader & Molina’s Citizenship Journey in Assam

Witness the inspiring journey of Sader Ali and Molina Bibi, an elderly couple from a remote village in Assam – who faced the daunting threat of statelessness in the midst of Assam’s ongoing citizenship crisis. Despite facing bureaucratic hurdles and legal challenges, CJP’s unwavering legal and emotional support ultimately led to their victory. Watch how…

CJP’s Unwavering Journey in Assam 2023: Navigating the Citizenship Crisis

Join us on a powerful journey through Assam in 2023! Despite facing floods, broken roads, and the ongoing citizenship crisis, the CJP team remained steadfast in their mission to stand beside Assam’s most marginalised communities. Witness the challenges, triumphs, and the untold stories of resilience in the face of adversity. Watch now to gain insights…

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Judiciary on Assam

The Supreme Court is monitoring the NRC update process through the Registrar General of India. Over a period of time, the SC and Gauhati High Court have issued many orders on the NRC and citizenship issues. We present here a primer on how the judiciary has looked at the issue of citizenship and NRCs

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Foreigners’ Tribunal arbitrary orders: Should the State Government intervene?

On November 21, 2023, a division bench of the Gauhati High Court, who was hearing a petition filed by a man named Forhad Ali against the opinion of the Foreigner’s Tribunal declaring him a foreigner, delivered a very crucial judgment. The bench comprising Justices Achintya Malla Bujor Barua and Mitali Thakuria not only addressed Ali’s…

Unwavering and relentless: CJP’s Assam Team in 2022

Every year, CJP brings to you an account of all the ways in which our team in Assam reached out to those in need of legal and para legal assistance. Every year there are different stories to be told, deepening the narrative with its complex contours, it is that the hapless and those trying to…

Res Judicata principle applicable to FT decisions: Gauhati HC

In a landmark judgment, the Gauhati High Court has ruled that the principle of Res Judicata applies to orders passed by Foreigners’ Tribunals (FT). Simply put, this means that if an FT finds a person to be an Indian citizen, the same person cannot be tried again or be declared foreigner. Readers would recall that…

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Documents & Judgments

Browse through all NRC related documents here